Site Search                  

Gross Profit Analysis Based on Budgets and Standard Costs:

As the basis for illustrating the analysis of gross profit using budgets and standard costs, three financial statements for a company are presented:

1. The budgeted income statement prepared at the beginning of the period
2. The actual income statement prepared at the end of the period.
3. An income statement prepared at the end of the period on the basis of actual sales at budgeted sales prices and at standard costs.

Statement 1:

Statement 2:

Statement 3:

According to statement 1, the company expected a gross profit of $26,250, based on an estimated production of 10,500 units and an average gross profit of $2.50 per unit. As shown in statement 2, the company actually made a gross profit of only $20,108, or $1.93 per unit. Statement 3 Indicates that the average gross profit for the actual units sold would have been $2.41 per unit if the budgeted sales price and costs per unit had been achieved.

The $6,142 difference between the budgeted gross profit and the actual gross profit is the result of changes in sales price, sales volume, sales mix, and costs. For example, on the basis of the budget, A is the most profitable product and C is the least profitable per unit. Due to variations in sales price and cost, B is actually the most profitable while C is the least profitable per unit. The dollar effect of such changes is shown by the calculation of the sales price, sales volume, cost price, cost volume, sales mix and final sales volume variances.

Calculation of sales price variance and sales volume variance:

Using the figures from the statements above, the sales price variance and sales volume variance for the company are calculated as follows:

Calculation of Cost Price Variance and Cost Volume Variance:

Using the figures from the statements above, the cost price variance and cost volume variance for the company are calculated as follows:

Calculation of the Sales Mix and Final Sales Volume Variance:

In the above calculation two volume variances appear:

The net volume variance should be further analyzed to determine the sales mix and final sales volume variance. These variances are computed as follows:

Check:

Recapitulation of Variances:

You may also be interested in other articles from "Gross Profit Analysis" chapter:

1. Gross Profit Analysis Based on the Previous Years Figures
2. Gross Profit Analysis Based on Budgets and Standard costs
3. Discussion Questions and Answers about Gross Profit Analysis
4. Gross Profit Analysis Solved Problems
5. Gross Profit Analysis Case Study

Back to Home Page | Back To Gross Profit Analysis Page

Managerial Accounting

Financial Accounting