Review Problem 1: Basic Present Value Computations:
For each of the following situations is
independent. Workout your own solution to each situation, and then check it
against the solution:
Situation 1:
John has reached age 58. In 12 years, he
plans to retire. Upon retiring, he would like to take an extended vacation,
which he expects will cost at least $4,000. What lump-sum amount must he
invest now to have the needed $4,000 at the end of 12 years if the rate of
return is:
(a). Eight percent?
(b). Twelve percent?
Situation 2:
The Morgans would like to send their
daughter to an expensive music camp at the end of each of the next five
years. The camp cost $1,000 a year. What lump-sum amount would have to
invested now to have the $1,000 at the end of each year if the rate of
return is:
(a). Eight percent?
(b). Twelve percent?
Situation 3:
You have just received an inheritance from
a relative. You can invest the money and either receive a $20,000 lump-sum
amount at the end of 10 years or receive $1,400 at the end of each year for
the next 10 years. If your minimum desired rate of return is 12%, which
alternative would you prefer?
Solution to Review Problem 1:
Situation 1:
(a). The amount that must be
invested now would be the present of the $4,000, using a discount rate of
8%. From Future Value and Present
Value Tables Page Table-3, the factor for a discount rate of 8% for 12
periods is 0.397. Multiplying this discount factor by the $4,000 × 0.397 =
$1.588.
(b). We will proceed as we did in
(a) above, but this time we will use a discount rate of 12%. From
Future Value and Present
Value Tables Page Table-3, the factor for a discount rate of 12% for 12
periods is 0.257. Multiplying this discount factor by the $4,000 needed in
12 years will give the amount of the present investment required: $4,000 ×
0.257 = $1,028.
Notice that as the discount rate (desired rate of return) increases, the
present value decreases.
Situation 2:
This part differs from (1) above in that we
are now dealing with an annuity rather than a single future sum. The amount
that must be invested now to have $1,000 available at the end of each year
for five years. Since we are dealing with an annuity, or a series of annual
cash flows, we must refer to Table-4 (see
Future Value and Present
Value Tables Page, Table-4)
(a). From Table-4 (see
Future Value and Present
Value Tables Page, Table-4) the discount factor for 12% for five periods
is 3.993. Therefore, the amount that must be invested now to have $1,000
available at the end of each year for five years is $1,000 × 3.993 = $3,993.
(b). From Table-4 (see
Future Value and Present
Value Tables Page, Table-4) the discount factor for 12% for five periods
is 3.605. Therefore, the amount that must be invested now to have $1,000
available at the end of each five years is $1,000 × 3.605 = $3,605.
Situation 3:
For this part, we will need to refer to
both Table-3 and Table-4 (see
Future Value and Present
Value Tables Page, Table-3 and Table-4)
From Table-3 we will need
to find the discount factor for 12% for 10 periods, then apply it to the
$20,000 lump sum to be received in 10 years. From Table-4, we will need to
find the discount factor for 12% for 10 periods, then apply it to the series
of $1,400 payments to be received over the 10-year period. Whichever
alternative has the higher present value is the one that should be selected.
$2,000 × 0.332 = $6,440
$1,400 × 5.650 = $7,910
Thus you would prefer to receive the $1,400
per year for 10 years rather than the $20,000 lump sum.
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